He traveled north of Argentina obtaining photographic documents on architecture and popular types. Then he settled in Buenos Aires.

In August, in the magazine Forma edited by the SAAP (Sociedad Argentina de Artistas Plásticos) he published his essay "El Nuevo Realismo", where he criticized  the "vulgar and empty decorativism" of certain versions of modern formalism, claming  the need to recover the conceptual contents of art reinterpreting "[...] the spiritual, social, politic and economic reality of our century".

Chacareros entered the Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes, due to the fact it obtained the 2° Premio Adquisición Municipalidad de la Capital Federal at the XXVI Salón Nacional.

In this work Berni introduced classical topics such as "the Virgin and the Child" and "the equestrian portrait". Further on, in Medianoche en el mundo (1937), painting refering to the Spanish civil war, he quoted the "cry over Christ’s dead body".